When Farragut and Davis met at Vicksburg in July 1862, Porter’s mortars were placed along the riverbanks in the hope they might reduce some of the enemy defenses. The Western Gunboat Flotilla ordered flat-bottomed rafts to carry these monstrous mortars and manned them with fifteen-man crews. Initially, the new mortar boats went into action against Confederate batteries at Island No 10. None of these guerrilla attacks on Union naval vessels inflicted serious damage or caused a large number of casualties, but they did force commanders to use caution and in some cases to carry their own sharpshooters on board.The Confederacy contested Union naval operations on the Mississippi, Cumberland, Tennessee, and Ohio Rivers with both steam-powered rams and gunboats, but also with a new weapon: the “torpedo,” or mine. To transport men and supplies and to secure control of the Mississippi and other western rivers, the Union navy had to lease, purchase, or construct a flotilla of steam-powered vessels suitable for operations on these narrow, shallow rivers.
Foote and Porter, Davis’s successor, confronted enemy batteries on the Yazoo River, at Fort Hindman at Arkansas Post, and at Vicksburg. A similar gun explosion killed fourteen men on the Chillicothe in the Yazoo River. All the ironclads were hit by rebel shot and shell but sustained no serious damage, and Fort Henry’s defenders surrendered before Union troops could make an assault, handing Foote a victory. In order to do that they needed to be simplified in design without sacrificing any tactical advantage.The reason the CSS Virginia had to be destroyed by her own crew was her deep draught at 22 feet, prevented them from bringing her further up James River into safety.This was an expensive lesson. The rivers which saw the majority of the action, tended to be pretty wide--REALLY wide when you're talking about the Mississippi--so my buddy and I either don't show shorelines at all, or just one, to allow for the possibility of running aground, etc. However, the Virginia was just a stepping stone - the Civil War ironclads had a long way to go still.One thing to remember is that the South, for most of the civil war, was severely limited in its access to metals and heavy manufacturing capabilities. In 1864 two other ironclads were constructed at Rocketts, the Richmond Naval Yard, which would serve in the James River Squadron, the CSS Virginia II and the CSS Fredericksburg. Although hit nine times while passing the Vicksburg batteries, the Lafayette suffered little damage. Here is an alphabetic list of the Confederate ironclads:The first Confederate ironclad was the CSS Manassas. Cooperation with the Union army proved essential in the assaults on Confederate strongholds at Vicksburg, Port Hudson, and Grand Gulf. Union Ironclads of the Mississippi River Posted on October 21, 2018 by MSW The strategy to win the war proposed by Winfield Scott and dubbed the Anaconda Plan called for a Union blockade of the southern coast and for Union forces to seize New Orleans and push down the Mississippi River, capturing enemy strongpoints, turning them into bases, and opening the river.
The rapid development of warship design in the late 19th century transformed the ironclad from a wooden-hulled vessel that carried sails to supplement its steam engines into the steel-built, turreted battleships and cruisers familiar in the 20th century. Towns were not spared the federals’ wrath either.
Foote had great confidence in the effectiveness of the new boats and told his commanders to “let the mortar boats do the work.” They could not, however, silence the rebel defenses. River Ironclads Free PDF eBooks. Yet there were only two confrontations between Union and Confederate forces that could be classed a general fleet action. Low water proved hazardous to Farragut’s deep-draft wooden vessels. When most of the enemy troops withdrew to nearby Fort Donelson, that became the flotilla’s next objective. Then, when Davis’s flotilla met Confederate rams above Memphis, it was Ellet’s rams Queen of the West and Monarch that boldly dashed past them to take on the enemy.Union gunboats, mortars, and rams also bombarded and exchanged gunfire with Confederate forts and gun batteries on numerous occasions. This was a great help since they were pushed further and further up the various rivers by the Union. The river campaigns saw the first practical use of river gunboats and river ironclads, in particular the City-class ironclads, ironclad paddle steamers built by James B. Eads in St. Louis and Cairo, Illinois. Posted on January 30, 2017. For example, the 130 PBR Mark 1 patrol boats deployed for Operation Game Warden were modified commercial sports craft ordered in 1963 from American builders; they were armor plated and armed with three .50-caliber machine guns and a 40 mm grenade launcher.In addition to these navy craft, in 1862 Charles Ellet developed steam-powered rams by purchasing river steamers and reinforcing their hulls and bows with timber. Walke’s flotilla at Milliken’s Bend repeatedly encountered enemy sharpshooters, and sharpshooters harassed Porter’s vessels during the Steele’s Bayou expedition as well. Key Vocabulary: military theater, armament, boiler stack, flotilla, tim- berclads, ironclads, river batteries, ... ironclads.pdf. Cairo was commissioned in January of 1862. Naval commanders did not always oblige these fugitives, but they gradually came to value the intelligence they provided about the enemy. The first engagement took place off Plum Point above Memphis. Named after towns along the upper Mississippi and Ohio rivers, t he seven formidable City Class gunboats prowled the Mississippi River and connecting shallow waterways, menacing Confederate supply lines and shore batteries. Mortar schooners also fired on the CSS Arkansas.Union navy mortar boats were plagued by bad fuses, and because long-range, direct fire requires sophisticated fire control, their 13-inch shells had a limited impact on rebel batteries. Foote repeatedly asked the Navy Department to send him men to fill out the complements of new vessels and to replace men whose terms of enlistment had expired or who had fallen ill. Sherman, however, welcomed slaves as laborers, putting them to work and housing their families.
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